Criminology Sex and Crime

Definition Consent refers to compliance or an agreement to do a certain action after engaging in a thoughtful reasoning achieved after considering various variables in existence. The term consent also can refer to a permit or approved set of actions preceded by a careful reflection of the same.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Criminology: Sex and Crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consent can be either implied or expressed. In implied consent, the use of verbal expressions does not occur but rather inferred from the actions and the situations in existence at that particular time. On the other hand, expressed consent is articulated either through written, verbal or nonverbal communication in a clear and understandable manner. Informed consent is often used or applied in law in reference to the kind of the consent given by a person and has should meet certain stipulated standards. Therefore, an informe d consent is the kind of consent given by a person clearly knowing the future repercussion, consequences, facts or implications of the actions at stake. Therefore, before an individual gives consent, there is need to have all the facts at hand in order to avoid any future indictments or accusation as it might even lead to imprisonment. According to the criminal justice system, informed consent implies an agreement between two parties to allow something to happen or to do something having full knowledge of its important or relevant facts, knowledge of the risks or any other alternatives involved (Ehrlich 2002, p.6). Therefore, it passes for a crime that amounts to accusation when proved that a person acted on an issue knowing the repercussions. Criminal justice system has the responsibility of ensuring that the civilians or the society coexists well without any worries and mistreatments from criminals. Criminal justice system has three main areas of function (DiQuinzio Young 1997, p .54).Advertising Looking for research paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These include law enforcement responsibilities, adjudication in the courts and ensuring corrections to the offenders by imprisoning, jailing or putting the perpetrator on probation. Therefore, in the context of sexual assault, consent refers to the voluntary agreements of two parties to en and authority of inducement to engage in sexual activity without agreement amounts to absence of consent and the accused when sued is liable for harassment. Therefore, an assault amounts to violation of a person sexual integrity passing for an offense under the law. Society and consent Consent is a concept viewed and understood differently from various perspectives by the society. Different factors ranging from traditional beliefs, geographical locations and values play a fundamental role on how society take views on what consent entails. A good examp le to illustrate this is how different societies carry out customary laws and traditional cases (Daly 1994, p.78). Other examples to illustrate this are in the area of medical health where the society regards the decision of a doctor as the final one. In addition, most of the decisions that patients reaches seems based on what the doctor tells the patient. Therefore, in circumstances where patients make decisions based on the information provided by the doctors, it may lead to wrong decision making. Therefore, there seems to be instances where the society overlooks other people’s decisions as the guiding ones. Although in some occasions, this imbalance projects a lack of consent, some societies never find a problem with it. Therefore, in the case of medical health, it calls for an equal sharing and participation of all the parties on issues pertaining to the administration of medical services in order for the whole parties to be contended with the outcomes of their past agree ments or approvals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Criminology: Sex and Crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society has a broad range of information outlets: it depends on informing up its stances and thought about consent. The most relied way in which the society gets enlightened about consent is through the media. Television, radio and internet have provided an interlude for the society by ensuring that the people remain informed and updated concerning various issues relating to problems facing them. Sexual assault cases and abuses committed across the globe get to reach to the society through the media (Howe 1997, p.90). The ruling on some of these cases presents a debate in the society as some of the rulings contravene the beliefs and the feeling of the society. Therefore, the most relied upon form of imparting knowledge in the public domain is the media. Furthermore, there have been an ever -rising number of nongovernmental organizations and civil groups, all of which assume the forefront in campaigning and lobbying the society about issues of crimes particularly those affecting small children and women. These groups employ different strategies aimed at educating the public on the repercussions and the impacts that will befall on any one assaulting or indulging in any sexual activity without the cones of the other party (Cornell, 1998, p.54). These groups have also helped in prosecution of the offenders by sponsoring cases and providing evidence in the courts and presenting. Therefore, these groups have also provided awareness in the society and encouraged the members of community to report any incidences immediately they occur. Furthermore, they have provided information and guided the society on how to avoid indulging in such criminal offenses. Hence, these mobilization and campaigns by these groups has done a lot in ensuring that the society knows its rights.Adverti sing Looking for research paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different views emanating from either the media or any another body may not be right per se, as they may seem (Howe 1995, p.65). Each media, which acts as a link between the cases and the society, brings in their own views about the cases. Media adds on some commentary that may not be the real information, which may have decided on. On consent, society has a varied perspective when it comes to crimes relating to sexuality as some have their own values and beliefs, which the criminal justice system does not agree to. Such difference in opinions raises many queries. However, to solve this, national law in the constitution overrides these other cases. Cases, which have raised debate, include those cases where the adult assaults children of tender age. Gender and consent Many societies around the globe have their own perception on the gender especially on consent and femininity. There exists a number of issues that surrounds this concept on how female or femininity view consent. Female gender has complained repeatedly of overlook in many issues like in economics, and domestic matters. They have continued to fight for what they term ‘equality† in term of social grounds and all sectors of economy (Cavender, Bond, Jurik 1999, p.650).These fights illustrate how the society disregards the position of female in society and especially in male concerning decision-making. Many of the violence cases reported in various locations a higher number of them are against women and small children. These has been a born of contentious for the need for engaging them or involving them in key decision making so as get their consent. On many occasions, women have complained of not having a voice even in their marriages as men dominate when it comes to making decisions regarding their conjugal rights. However, this trend is changing with time as different laws and constitution put in place recognize the rights of every person in the society. Despite the advancements, there a re still a lot of people who disregard the fact that women should have a say in key issues pertaining to the day-to-day lives. The arguments on the opponents of women seeking rights to have a say is that, there are certain tasks or activities that even (Harris 2000, p.780) the male chauvinistic has continued to deny the females an opportunity to speak their mind. A good case was that of Karen Ellis, a female teacher who was in a sexual relationship with her student aged 15 years. In this case, the court reduced the sentence of the accused for only 22 months of the charges that faced her. On his ruling, the judge considered the feeling of the defender about the accused thereby allowing â€Å"†¦a degree of mercy in his sentence†¦ the letter said†¦he will be affected if the teacher goes to prison and sentenced† (Chan Rigakos 2002, P.750). In addition, that she was the one initiated the relationship and it did not affect her in anyway. The defender, a 15-year stud ent had written a letter expressing his feeling about the teacher, which saw the judge extend or reduce the duration (Belknap 1996, p.34). Furthermore, the judge cited that the teacher had accepted the charges. Therefore, her reputation seemed exposed to destruction thereby welcoming no reason to put her behind bars for a long time. The public, who termed it as a leeway to encourage sexual assault since they felt that the period of detention was minimal received this ruling negatively. They claimed that it was enough way of making society change as perpetrators face less charge. Therefore, in this case, the idea of consent seemed to play a critical role in the eyes of judge through the presentation of the boys’ letter. Regardless of detention of the teacher, the boy admitted to have initiated the relationship and therefore he was not in any way affected psychological or physically by the relationship and engaging in sexual intercourse with the teacher. When it comes to consen t and masculinity, the males have an upper hand in making decisions and reaching an agreement on various issues that affects them. Masculinity also comes from the early years of socialization and the teachings the parents give to their children (Mehta Bondi 1999). This socialization has great effects in the future of these children and therefore they engage in activities, which they have grown seeing or doing. Most male feel that they have all it take to lead and give direction and therefore they reach their consent faster when compared to women regardless of the consequences of their actions. In the case of Hopper Gavin, a male teacher who indulged in sexual relationship with his 14-year old student received a severe punishment for the offence. When comparing these cases with that of Ellis, Gavin lawyer was not satisfied with the ruling on Ellis case terming it unfair and a way of promoting other crimes. However, on the contrary, Ellis judge defended his rule saying that the case were not similar as the latter case, the accused had engaged in relationship for a long period of time and has also caused considerable injuries to the girl. Therefore, these two cases provide a comparison on how consent, femininity, and masculinity may have played a role in reaching at these decisions. In the case of Ms Naggs, the court found her guilty of engaging in sex with a man using a sex toy. The accused tried to defend her that the party had drunk a lot of alcohol and used drugs and therefore the actions they got involved in were done unconsciously and without any ill motive behind it. The stripper had received a warning earlier on from her fellow striper that the men were drunk and therefore the party could turn out to be nasty (Mehta Bondi 1999, p.70). Despite this informed consent, the stripper still ignored and decided to remain in the party. Therefore, this informed consent could have contributed to her accusation and liability to face the charges. Therefore, these il lustrations clearly demonstrated how consent may have played a crucial role in determining the cases on who seemed guilty and not and in determining the kind of punishment (Howe 2005, p.46). Although in some instances, the society felt unsatisfied with the ruling, like in the Ellis’ case, it beats logic that the judge had to consider various aspects before reaching that decision. Ideas and views of consent around the world Consent has continued t o elicit debate on what it refers, how can one measure or prove that consent has occurred. Of the various cases determined, many have faced a very strong opposition based on how to arrive at as well as determining consent. For instance, in the case of Philippines republic and Garcia case any of the citizens felt that the chief justice did not make an appropriate ruling. Bringing closer to the current scenario, a woman by the name Manhattan has claimed that the IMF boss assaulted her sexually as there was no consent between them to en gage in the act. The boss Mr. Strauss Kahn will now appeal before the jury to answer the charges against his actions (Ferrell and Websdale 1998, p.96). Another perspective about the meaning of consent takes the reader to Sweden where an individual may face charges when engaging in sexual intercourse with the condom breaking in the process (Kramer 1997, p.32) because there was no consent. Therefore, different people use the concept of consent to imply different things as seen from the above examples. For instance, some statute separate consent to actions, which lead to harm of the body getting support from law, which affirms that somebody cannot consent to such acts (Grattet Jeness 2001, p.660). Therefore, to sum up the discussion, consent in cases of sexual cases, assault and allegations differ from one type of law to other same to its meaning and definition. Consent principles applied in case of assault too are applicable to sexual assault. Any victim of sexual harassment for inst ance touching has to understand the act consenting to and freely do so without coercion. Some jurisdictions de-link consent to acts that can cause harm to the body with laws defining that one cannot consent to such acts (Caiazza 2005, p.1607). In conclusion, consent differs from one jurisdiction to another and consequently the definitions and meaning in allegations and cases of sexual assault. Reference List Belknap, J., 1996. The Invisible Woman: Gender, Crime, and Justice. Belmont:  Wadsworth Pub. Caiazza, A., 2005. Don’t Bowl at Night: Gender, Safety, and Civic Participation. Signs,  30(2), pp. 1607-1631. Cavender, G., Bond, L., Jurik, N., 1999. The construction of gender in reality crime  TV. Gender and Society, 13(5), pp. 643-663. Chan, W., Rigakos, G., 2002. Risk, Crime and Gender’. British. Journal of  Criminology, 42(4), pp. 743-762. Cornell, D., 1998. At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality. Princeton:  Princeton University Press. Daly , K., 1994. Gender, crime, and punishment. New Haven: Yale University Press. DiQuinzio, P., Young, I., 1997. Feminist ethics and social policy. Bloomington: Indiana  University Press. Ehrlich, S., 2002. Discourse, gender and sexual violence. Discourse and Society,13, pp.  5-7. Ferrell, J., Websdale, N., 1998. Making Trouble: Cultural Constructions of Crime,  Deviance, and Control. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Grattet, R., Jeness, V., 2001. Examining the Boundaries of hate Crime law:bDisabilities and the Dilemma of Difference. Journal of Criminal Law and  Criminology, 9(13), pp.653-698. Harris, A., 2000. Gender, Violence, Race and Criminal Justice. Stanford Law Review,  52(4), pp. 777-789. Howe, A., 2005. Lindy Chamberlain Revisited: A 25th Anniversary Retrospective.  Canada Bay, N.S.W: Lhr Press. Howe, A., 1997. Imagining Evidence, Fictioning Truth – Revisiting. Law-Text-Culture, 3,  pp.82-106. Howe, A., 1995. Chamberlain revisited: The Case Against the Media .England:  Dartmouth. Kramer, L., 1997. After the Love Death: Sexual Violence and the Making of Culture.  Berkeley: University of California Press. Mehta, A., Bondi, L., 1999. Embodied Discourse: On Gender and Fear of Violence.  Gender, Place and Culture, 6, pp. 67-84. This research paper on Criminology: Sex and Crime was written and submitted by user Junior Hoover to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Micro Unknown Lab Report Essay Example

Micro Unknown Lab Report Essay Example Micro Unknown Lab Report Paper Micro Unknown Lab Report Paper The rationale of performing these tests was to distinguish six different microbes room one another and to compare how their metabolic and biochemical processes differ from species to species to determine the unknown sample. The tests included: Triple sugar iron agar (TSAR), the Sulfide Indolent Mobility (SIMI) test, Glucose fermentation, the Methyl Red test, the Vogues-Prosperous test, Citrate test, the Areas Test, and finally the Gelatin test. The microbes that were tested during this lab were: Escherichia coli, Entertainer arrogates, Kielbasa pneumonia, Protest miracles, Pseudopodia organisms, and Salmonella typographic. The sample labeled #11 could have been any of the six microbes. A gram stain was performed to assess the shape and other characteristics of the bacteria, and to ensure that there was no gram positive contamination. Gram positive cells have a thick outer pedagogical layer that traps the crystal violet-iodine complex more than gram negative cells. As a result, they are less vulnerable to the De-colonization step with alcohol making them appear purple in color, while the gram bacteria negative appear pink. Triple sugar iron agar slant tests for multiple things: sugar fermentation of glucose, lactose, and sucrose, and the production carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The gases are easy to identify. If any carbon dioxide is produced cracks or bubbles appear inside of the medium, and sometimes enough CO is produced to push the slant up towards the top, this will be reported as +g. The HAS is identified by how the gas reacts with an iron compound and makes the agar turn black. There are two possible types of sugar reactions that take place in the areas of the butt and the slant of the medium. The outcome of sugar metabolism will be acid production, so the pH indicator phenol red will turn yellow, and be reported as A. If there is no sugar diabolism, or alkaline by-products are made, will cause the indicator to stay the same color red, and reported as a K. THIS medium is prepared as a shallow agar with a deep butt, providing for both an aerobic and anaerobic environment. A THIS medium must be checked within about 12 hours to see if it ferments glucose, and again after 24 hours to see if it ferments lactose and sucrose. If the slant returns to being red and the butt is still yellow after this time period, the organism ferments glucose but not the other sugars. If it is completely yellow after the time interval, this indicates that the organism ferments all here sugars. SIMI Medium is used as differential test of microorganisms on the basis of hydrogen sulfide production, indolent production, and motility. The Sulfur reduction test is useful in differentiating enteric organisms, the Indolent test is used for differentiating the Interchangeable, and the Motility test is useful for testing a wide variety of organisms (condonable. Com). Casein is rich in thyrotrophic which is reduced and produces indolent by the enzyme transparency. Ferric ammonium sulfate is the indicator for HAS production. Once the medium was done incubating Kvass reagent was added to the tube. If the sample was positive the reagent would have a color change to red, if the reagent remained clear, a negative result was reported. Glucose fermentation uses Phenol Red Broth as differential test medium typically used to differentiate based on the color change of the pH indicator. Phenol red turns yellow below a pH of 6. 8, pink above a pH of 7. 4, and remains red in between. A Durham tube is used to collect any gas that may be produced, and is reported as (+g) if a bubble appears on the inside and (-) if the organism cannot ferment the glucose and no bubble is trapped inside the tube. If the broth turns yellow, it means that acid was produced and reported as A. If the organism can break down the amino acids be De-animation and ammonia is produced, this will raise the pH level turning it pink. This alkaline result was reported as K. The Methyl Red test is a differential test for bacterial respiration used to differentiate strains of chloroform bacteria capable of performing mixed acid fermentation that will lower the pH despite the phosphate buffer (http://faculty. Deanna. FDA. Due). Mixed acid fermentation is confirmed by using methyl red as an indicator. It is red ant pH 4. And below, allow at pH 6. 2 and above, and orange in between. Red is a positive result reported as (+), yellow is a negative result reported as and orange is negative or inconclusive. The Vogues-Prosperous test to detect organisms that are able to ferment glucose, but convert the products to action and 2,3-butadiene. This is deduced by the addition of Reagent A and Reagent B, and the observation of the color change thereafter. Reagent A is a solution of -naphtha and alc ohol. Reagent A catalysts the conversion of action to dedicate. Dedicate teens react with guanidine-containing compounds from the potent to form a red color in he presence of -naphtha. Reagent B is a solution of potassium hydroxide and water. It absorbs CO in the medium and acts as an oxidation agent, cataloging the reaction that converts action to dedicate (Dalton. Com). After the UP reagents have been added, a red color is observed, this is a positive result reported as if a copper color develops, the result is negative and reported as Citrate test uses Simmons citrate agar to see if the organism is able to utilize citrate as a carbon source. Only bacteria that possess the enzyme citrate-permeate can transport citrate inside the cell so it can be converted into private. Simmons citrate agar utilizes sodium citrate as its only carbon source and ammonium phosphate as the nitrogen source. The pH indicator biorhythms blue dye is green at a pH of 6. 9 and blue at pH of 7. 6. Bacteria that can survive on the agar and utilize the citrate, alkaline the agar by breaking down the ammonium phosphate to ammonia and ammonium hydroxide, both increase the PH. Any change to a blue color is a positive result reported as (+), and if there is no change and the agar remains green the result is negative and reported as (-). The Urea hydrolysis is catcalled by the enzyme areas. Areas catalysts the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia using water. A urea broth is used that contains yeast extract as its only nutrient source, buffers to inhibit localization of the medium, and phenol red as a pH indicator. Phenol red in this solution will be yellow or orange bellow pH 8. And pink above, to show any increase in PH. A pink color in the both indicates a positive result and reported as and an orange or yellow appearance the result is negative and reported as G). The Gelatin test is used to see if the microbe produces the enzyme gelatins. Gelatin is a protein made from collagen, made from animal connective tissue. Gelatins is an extracurricular proteolysis enzyme that aids in the breakdown of protein into amino acids (Harsh 244). Gelatin is used as the medium, which can liquid at room temperature but solidifies at about ICC. Since the gelatins enzyme can be quite slow, an incubation time o one week is needed. A positive test result will be reported if the sample remains a liquid after it is placed in the cold room, and a negative result will be reported if it re-solidifies. Experimental Proceed rest: The tests performed provided key information about the unknown bacteria and how it carries out its metabolic functions. The visualization of bacteria at the microscopic level is made possible by the use of various stains, which react with elements present in some cells but not others. The Gram stain was utilized in this procedure in four essential steps: apply the primary stain crystal violet, fix with iodine, decolonize with 95% ethyl alcohol to wash out the crystal violet-iodine complex, and the counter-stain Safaris was added. THIS medium was inoculated using an inoculating needle by stabbing the agar through the butt, and then the addle was pulled out and a streak was made up the slant. The THIS medium was incubated at ICC and checked after 18 and 24 hours for a change in color. ITS contains the three carbohydrates glucose, sucrose, and lactose. The medium also contains animal and yeast extract, and peptides as the sources of nitrogen, vitamins and minerals, and ferrous ammonium sulfate as the indicator for HAS. Phenol red is the pH indicator. (macromolecular. Org) The SIMI medium contains casein digest and animal digest to provide peptides to provide nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for growth. The SIMI medium was inoculated by stabbing the medium with an inoculating needle, and incubated at ICC for 24 to 48 hours. Once the medium was done incubating Kvass reagent was added to the tube to check for indolent production. Phenol Red Broth, used for glucose fermentation, contains potent, phenol red (a pH indicator), a Durham tube, and glucose. The broth is inoculated with the inoculating loop, and incubated at ICC for 48 hours. The Methyl Red broth contains potent, glucose, and a phosphate buffer. The broth is inoculated with the inoculating loop, and incubated at ICC for 48 hours. Once the sample is done incubating, a 1. 0 ml aliquot is taken and three drops of the Methyl red indicator is added. The results of a red color can be observed immediately if it is positive, otherwise it is a negative result. The Vogues-Prosperous broth contains potent, glucose, and a phosphate buffer just as in the MR.. Broth. The broth is inoculated with the inoculating loop, and incubated at ICC for 48 hours. Once the sample is done incubating, a 1. 0 ml aliquot is taken and 15 drops of Reagent A is added along with 5 drops of Reagent B. The result is monitored at ten minute intervals for 1 hour. The results of a red color can be observed if it is positive, otherwise it is a negative result if there is no color change. The Citrate test was lightly inoculated using an inoculating needle by streaking the slants with the unknown, incubated at ICC for 48 hours, and read for a color change. The Urea hydrolysis uses Rusticating and Stuart broth that contains yeast extract, monobasic potassium phosphate, adiabatic potassium phosphate, urea, and phenol red. The broth was heavily inoculated with the inoculating loop and incubated at ICC for 24 hours. The Gelatin test uses gelatin agar that also contains beef extract and potent. The medium is stab inoculated with an inoculating needle and incubated at ICC for up to 7 days. The sample is then placed in the cold room to check for re- solidification. Results: The gram stain procedure showed to be all gram negative pink, straight rods. They had no particular arrangement or clustering. TSAR SIMI test Glucose fermentation The Methyl Red test The Vogues-Prosperous test Citrate test The Areas Test Gelatin test Conclusion: Entertainer arrogates Material Methods Gram negative cells have a thinner pedagogical layer and a lipid membrane external to the cell wall

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Care Delivery Essay

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Care Delivery - Essay Example Thirdly, an inevitable result to the mistake of the cardiologist, the nurse carried out an unsupervised procedure without the consent of the doctor in charge. This was indeed a desperate attempt to prevent the further progression of the patient’s worsening condition. Fourthly, the nurse failed to inform the cardiologist of the emergency measure as well as other oncoming staff about the state of the discontinued IV site which showed signs of discoloration and swelling. In this picture, several laws are applicable. To begin with, while handling a patient in a critical condition it should be the utmost priority of the staff to be vigilant while shifting a patient’s location. The hospital is responsible for the improper care taken while changing beds. Next, the cardiologist was unresponsive to the nurse’s messages, leading to negligence which is unacceptable in health care ethics. Furthermore, the nurse is at great fault in failing to informing other medical staff about the patient’s condition and not documenting the finding after inspection of the site where IV had been inserted (â€Å"Standard Nursing,† 2009). So inferring from these consequences, the cardiologist and the nurse, both are liable for the patient’s death. The nurse and physician were unable to meet the principles of standard health care provision. Carelessness of the physician and the nurse lead to a series of events which ultimately resulted in death of the patient. When a physician is assigned to a patient, it is the utmost priority of the physician to take proper care of the patient over his self-interest and monitor his patient’s condition periodically (Lo, 2009). In this case, the physician instead of responding to the emergency calls of the nurse simply ignored them, although she knew that the hospital policy clearly forbids the nurses from carrying out insertion of IV’s in feet and legs.

Polities please see attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Polities please see attachment - Essay Example In the matters of shaping the hospital policies and advocating for health reforms, nurses hence ought to rise from their slumber to ensure that policies are well advocated for and engage in arenas that are less familiar where laws and regulations that are result oriented are made and scarce resources made available (Abood, 2007). I admire Michelle Obama. She is equipped with the leadership skills, which surely will always give me the reason to have her as my role model. Basically, she can be viewed as a primary controller and a promoter. As a promoter, she is goal oriented, makes deliberate solutions and fears no threat. I might not possess these leadership qualities, but, she remains my best as compared to Hillary Clinton. Michelle knows to say what she thinks unlike Hillary. Women can lead, mentor and change the world. In the same way, nurses should do so in the health care

Policing and the Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policing and the Bill of Rights - Essay Example Moreover, policing amendments are persuaded if someone is taken into custody on the basis of origin, religion, and race etc. Police are boosted to sustain a balance between flexibility and security that the government has formed. United States has historic put more heaviness on the edge of flexibility and has been recounted as a trial in organized liberty (Keenan 10-108). It has been shown that the policeman play a centered function in the achievement of this trial, and thus, it is furthermore a trial the U.S. government in regulation enforcement and peacekeeping. One of the biggest examples of warrantless search and tracing phone calls is â€Å"Water Gate scandal†. The secret agents, with the powers of fourth amendment of constitution, had captured the ill elements used in elections. By this action, the politicians, who use the evil tricks to win election, get the lesson. The IV amendment is defined as: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized†. From all â€Å"search and seizures† will not be contravened by warrants handed out without origin likelihood. It is sustained by oath or pledge or not as recounted the location to be sought or the individuals. It is described from managing assembly with the premeditated exception was amended on the talks. It is distributing almost equal to the all kind of people. And the amendment was launched to double-check and it would be managed by a preliminary committee. Couple of alterations denied to be integrated into the dialect of the part of the dwelling and the dialect of the legal provision was ratified. As the amendment documented, the argument over the â€Å"search and

English Literature The Nuns Priests Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer

English Literature The Nuns Priests Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer The Nuns Priests Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer The use of animals in the narratives ‘The Nun’s Priest’s Tale’ by Geoffrey Chaucer and ‘The Company of Wolves’ by Angela Carter allows the reader to further understand the meaning that the composer has created within the text. ‘The Nun’s Priest’s Tale’ is an example of Chaucer testing the bounds of a beast fable genre. Beast fable is a tale where ‘animals are used as embodiments or caricatures of human virtues, vices, prudence’s, and follies and other typical qualities of mankind.’ (Coghill Tolkien 12). ‘The Company of Wolves’ is the reconstruction of the folktale Little Red Riding Hood. The female character in the narrative ends up in the wolfs arms instead of his stomach contradictory to the fairy tale which challenges the narrative of masculine desire. With these examples we can clearly see the animal influence within these texts. Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author who wrote many works, he is best remembered for his frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. ‘The Nun’s Priest’s Tale’ is a part of The Cantebury Tales which tells a tale of an old woman who had a small farm in which she kept animals, including a rooster named Chantecleer. Chantecleer had seven hens as his companions, the most honored of which was Pertelote. ‘Chantecleer does indeed represent abstarct ideas – and represents them in a way the is subtle, changing and often ironic – Chantecleer himself never becomes a mere abstraction. He is a very engaging creation in a very real world’ ( Stephen Coote 52). The idea of a rooster being able to hold such qualities those of human beings, reinforces Chaucer’s poem as a ‘particlar form of comic wisdom’ (Coote 33), through the use of barnyard animals. The poem begins with the romance between Chantecleer and Pertelote. Romance being a genre usually featuring noble knights and their ladies, evokes the comical view of such heroic traditions with the use of animals. Chantecleer’s first introduction is that ‘In all the land, at crowing he’d no peer’ (Geoffrey Chaucer 203). In this context, the description of Chantecleer evokes humor at the heroic traditions of that time on two counts. One is that ‘crowing’ (203) is not a heroic form and secondly that it is not particularly surprising that he does it well seeing as though he is a rooster, and that it is naturally what they do. The rooster is then described from his ‘comb’ (203) right down to his ‘nails’ with the colours of flowers and jewels. This is very strange when it is applied to Chantecleer, as this method is usually employed when describing a beautiful woman. Ironically this description of Chantecleer fits perfectly, reminding us of the swaggering beauty of this animal.

Animal Testing is Unnecessary and Cruel Essay -- Animal Testing, Anima

Carrots the rabbit has been under experimentations for almost all of his life. He has to suffer so someone can wash his or her hair. The makers of Dove shampoo are probably going to shove shampoo down his throat his reaction to it. Even if the rabbit lives through the experiment, there still going to kill him to see what happened to his organs. If this were a human being experimented on, people would be mesmerized. Scientist are debating whether shoving shampoo down a rabbits throat is effective. Testing on animals is a highly disagreeable process that should not be allowed. An animal is a living thing and so is a human. They eat, sleep, and live their life. Animals have rights. Why is it allowed that animals have to suffer so a human can use Windex? It has been proven that animals are s...